Network routing and switching are fundamental components of computer networking. Routing involves directing data packets between different networks, determining the optimal path, and making decisions based on routing tables and protocols like BGP and OSPF. Switching, on the other hand, involves forwarding data within a local network using MAC addresses. Routers and switches play crucial roles in data transmission, ensuring efficient and secure communication in both local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs). They are integral to the internet's functioning, directing data across the global network of networks.